|
''De jure'' (, ;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=De jure - Define De Jure at Dictionary.com )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=de jure - Definition and pronunciation - Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com )〕 Classical Latin: ''de iure'' (:deː ˈjuːrɛ)) is an expression that means "of right, by right, according to law" (literally "from law"),〔See I. 5. 〕 as contrasted with ''de facto'', which means "in fact, in reality" (literally "from fact"). The terms ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' are used instead of "in law" and "in practice", respectively, when one is describing political or legal situations. In a legal context, ''de jure'' is contrasted to ''de facto'' practices, where, for example, the people obey a contract as though there were a law enforcing it, yet there is no such law. A process known as "desuetude" may allow (de facto) practices to replace (de jure) laws that have fallen out of favor, locally. ==Examples== It is possible to have multiple simultaneous conflicting (''de jure'') legalities, possibly none of which is in force (''de facto''). After seizing power in 1526, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi made his brother, Umar Din, the lawful (''de jure'') Sultan of Adal. Ahmad, however, was in practice (''de facto'') the actual Sultan, and his brother was a figurehead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/10110/Ahmad-Gran )〕 Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ruled as ''de jure'' viceroys of the Ottoman Empire, but acted as ''de facto'' independent rulers who maintained a polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, from about 1882, the rulers had only ''de jure'' rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet state. Thus, Egypt was by Ottoman law ''de jure'' a province of the Ottoman Empire, but ''de facto'' was part of the British Empire. In American law, particularly after ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954), the difference between ''de facto'' segregation (segregation that existed because of the voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and ''de jure'' segregation (segregation that existed because of local laws that mandated the segregation), became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes. In Canada, cannabis is illegal in law, but there is widespread use in practice, especially in British Columbia. It is strikingly similar to the existence of speakeasies during prohibition, wherein enforcement of laws departed from the letter, because of widespread and popular practice. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「De jure」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|